2. Referencing AI tools generally

Reference list example:

       

 

You should cite the AI tool generally (and not a specific chat) if you used it for any of the following:

  • to edit, analyse, organise, or refine your own writing.
  • to translate a source, or a few sentences of a source, into another language to aid in your own understanding of the work.
  • to translate your own writing into another language when submitting for publication or a student assignment.
  • to create or refine code.
  • to create tables, figures, or other visual representations. 
  • as part of the methodology of your work, such as having AI function as a tutor or therapist for study participants.
Elements of the reference AI Company Name. (year). Tool /Model Name [Type of model]. URL of the Tool
In-text reference

I used ChatGPT (OpenAI, 2025) to edit my paper and provide feedback on clarity and flow.

Our group used Claude (Anthropic, 2025) to help identify an error in our web application.

Reference list

OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chatgpt.com

Anthropic. (2025). Claude Sonnet 4.5 [Large language model]. https://www.anthropic.com/claude/sonnet

  • The author is the company responsible for developing the AI tool.
  • The date is the year in which the AI tool was most recently updated. If you are unsure of the date, ask the AI. For example, as of this guide, ChatGPT was most recently updated in August 2025, so 2025 goes in the reference. If the tool does not indicate the date of last update, use the copyright date provided on the website or app.
  • The title is the name of the AI tool, which can be general (e.g., ChatGPT or Gemini) or the name of the model (e.g., ChatGPT-5 or Gemini 2.5 Flash).
  • Provide a description of the AI in brackets after the title. For chat tools, currently “[Large language model]” is usually correct. But other descriptions are possible; use the description that best fits the type of AI model or tool used.
  • The source element is only the URL of the AI tool because the author and publisher of the AI are the same. As in all APA Style references in which the author is the same as the publisher, that name is included only once in the reference (in the author element).


For further explanation, visit the APA blog post: Citing generative AI in APA Style - Part 1 https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/cite-generative-ai-references